Pharmacology Mentor | Expert insights in Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Pilocarpine: a muscarinic receptor agonist

Introduction Pilocarpine is a naturally occurring alkaloid primarily obtained from the leaves of the Pilocarpus genus, particularly Pilocarpus microphyllus and Pilocarpus jaborandi. Classified as a direct-acting cholinergic agonist, pilocarpine exerts…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

ANS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Anticholinergics: Atropine

Introduction Atropine—the prototypical naturally occurring belladonna alkaloid—has been used in medicine for well over a century. Extracted chiefly from Atropa belladonna (deadly night-shade), it remains indispensable in anesthesia, cardiology, ophthalmology, toxicology,…

Pharmacology Mentor April 28, 2025

Endocrine Pharmacology Reproductive System

Pharmacology of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists

Introduction Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists have redefined several aspects of endocrine and reproductive medicine by offering a more direct and immediate means of suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis than earlier therapies.…

Pharmacology Mentor January 23, 2025

Endocrine Pharmacology Reproductive System

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are synthetic peptide analogues of native GnRH engineered to resist enzymatic degradation and to produce sustained receptor activation that ultimately suppresses pituitary LH/FSH and downstream sex…

Pharmacology Mentor September 8, 2025

Endocrine Pharmacology Reproductive System

Pharmacology of Danazol: a synthetic steroid

Introduction and Chemical Nature Danazol is a synthetic isoxazole derivative of 17α-ethinyl testosterone. It was developed for its unique endocrine properties and mild androgenic activity, making it useful in various gynecological…

Pharmacology Mentor October 6, 2025

Pharmacology Reproductive System

Pharmacology of Testosterone

Introduction Testosterone is a key steroid hormone primarily secreted by the testes in males and, to a lesser extent, by the ovaries in females and the adrenal glands in both sexes.…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Introduction Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a parenteral antibiotic combination belonging to the streptogramin class. It arose as a potent therapeutic alternative for managing resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, particularly those involving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2025

Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Metronidazole: an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication

Introduction Metronidazole is a widely used antimicrobial agent recognized for its efficacy against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Derived from nitroimidazole, metronidazole disrupts the DNA of target microorganisms, halting their replication. It was first…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Clindamycin: a lincosamide antibiotic

Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic widely used for its excellent activity against many Gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. It is valued for oral and parenteral versatility, tissue penetration (including bone), and its…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Linezolid

Introduction Among the modern arsenal of antibiotics, linezolid occupies a key position in the management of drug-resistant Gram-positive infections. Approved by the U.S. FDA in 2000, linezolid heralded the first-in-class oxazolidinone family of antibacterials,…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025