Pharmacology Mentor | Expert insights in Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Propafenone (Class 1C)

Propafenone is a Class 1C antiarrhythmic that produces potent, use‑dependent blockade of fast cardiac Na+ channels with slow unbinding kinetics, resulting in marked conduction slowing and QRS widening, and it…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Flecainide (Class 1C)

Flecainide is a Class 1C antiarrhythmic agent widely used for rhythm control in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in patients without significant structural heart disease. The following summarizes its pharmacology, clinical…

Pharmacology Mentor January 2, 2026

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Mexiletine (Class 1B)

Mexiletine is an oral Class IB antiarrhythmic and sodium channel blocker structurally related to lidocaine, used primarily for ventricular arrhythmias and selected channelopathies such as LQT3 where late sodium current…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Lidocaine (Class 1B)

If you trained in a time when every crash cart seemed to include “lido,” you remember lidocaine as the go-to antidote for ugly ventricular ectopy. Today, it has a more…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Disopyramide (Class 1A)

Introduction Disopyramide is a Class 1a antiarrhythmic agent, primarily used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. It functions as a sodium channel blocker, inhibiting conduction by depressing the increase in…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Quinidine (Class 1A)

Overview and Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the chemical origin, classification, and electrophysiologic actions of quinidine. Explain its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Procainamide (Class 1A)

Procainamide is a Class IA antiarrhythmic that blocks fast INaINa channels and prolongs repolarization via its active metabolite N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA), making it useful for acute management of a variety of ventricular and…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

ANS Pharmacology

Classification of Adrenergic Receptors: A Quick Overview

Introduction Adrenergic receptors play a pivotal role in regulating physiological processes and are the target of numerous pharmacological interventions. These receptors are broadly classified into α and β types, with…

Pharmacology Mentor March 12, 2024

General Pharmacology

Adverse Drug Reactions: On-target and Off-target aspect

Introduction Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a formidable challenge in clinical pharmacology and patient care. They can significantly diminish quality of life, induce severe morbidity and mortality, extend hospital stays,…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2025

General Pharmacology

The History of Pharmacology

The Intersection of Religion and Medicine At the dawn of human civilization, religion and medicine were inextricably linked. Priests, shamans, and holy people were the original pharmacologists, wielding the power…

Pharmacology Mentor March 12, 2024