GI | Pharmacology Mentor

Pharmacotherapy of Peptic Ulcer

Scope: Pathophysiology, Drug Classifications, Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Guidelines. I. Introduction and Pathophysiology Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder characterized by a breach…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2026

GI Pharmacology

Pharmacotherapy of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Introduction Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) encompasses the formation of ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or duodenum (duodenal ulcer), primarily caused by gastric acid hypersecretion and/or compromised defense of the gastric and duodenal mucosa. While Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

GI Pharmacology

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing-remitting inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that primarily includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both conditions can produce significant…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

GI Pharmacology

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Introduction Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of any identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities. IBS…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

GI Pharmacology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

I. Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, which leads to troublesome symptoms, mucosal injury, and, in some cases,…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

GI Pharmacology

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) – A brief note

Introduction Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by sores or lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. It is a significant health concern worldwide, affecting…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

GI Pharmacology

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Treatment

Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and duodenum. First identified in the early 1980s, this organism quickly garnered attention due to its…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

GI Pharmacology

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES)

I. Definition, Historical Perspective & Epidemiology Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare disorder characterized by gastrin-secreting tumors (“gastrinomas”) of the pancreas or duodenum. These tumors lead to excessive gastric acid secretion,…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

GI Pharmacology

The Vomiting Centre and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)

1 · Introduction Vomiting (emesis) is an evolutionarily conserved defence reflex that forcefully expels gastric—and at times intestinal—contents through the mouth. Although the motor act seems singular, it is orchestrated by…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

antiemetic drugs to relieve nausea and vomiting

GI Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Antiemetic Drugs

Introduction Nausea and vomiting are defensive reflexes that protect the body from ingested toxins and noxious substances, but they can also emerge from various benign or pathological stimuli. From motion sickness and morning…

Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025

Pharmacotherapy of Peptic Ulcer

Pharmacotherapy of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) – A brief note

Helicobacter pylori Infection and Treatment

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES)

The Vomiting Centre and the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ)

Pharmacology of Antiemetic Drugs

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