mechanism of action | Pharmacology Mentor

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Procainamide (Class 1A)

Procainamide is a Class IA antiarrhythmic that blocks fast INaINa channels and prolongs repolarization via its active metabolite N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA), making it useful for acute management of a variety of ventricular and…

Pharmacology Mentor September 17, 2023

Hematology Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Antiplatelet Drugs

Antiplatelet drugs inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, thereby reducing the risk of arterial thrombus formation—a critical strategy in preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial…

Pharmacology Mentor September 3, 2023

Endocrine Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Insulin

Introduction Discovered almost a century ago, insulin remains a cornerstone of therapy for diabetes mellitus—a global health challenge characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and/or insufficient insulin secretion. Beyond diabetes, insulin also plays…

anonymous August 21, 2023

Pharmacology

The Comprehensive Guide to Anticancer Drugs: What You Need to Know

Introduction to Anticancer Drugs: Anticancer drugs are medications that inhibit the development and spread of cancerous cells. They achieve this by interfering with the DNA and RNA that cause cell…

anonymous August 15, 2023

antiemetic drugs to relieve nausea and vomiting

GI Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Antiemetic Drugs

Introduction Nausea and vomiting are defensive reflexes that protect the body from ingested toxins and noxious substances, but they can also emerge from various benign or pathological stimuli. From motion sickness and morning…

Pharmacology Mentor August 15, 2023

Neuropharmacology Pharmacology

Sodium Channel Blockers (SCBs)

Introduction Sodium (Na⁺) channels are integral membrane proteins responsible for the rapid upstroke (phase 0) of the action potential in excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. By selectively perming…

Pharmacology Mentor August 8, 2023

Pharmacology of H2 Receptor Antagonists

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists are competitive blockers of gastric parietal-cell H2 receptors that suppress basal and stimulated acid secretion and are used for GERD, peptic ulcer disease, hypersecretory states, and…

Pharmacology Mentor August 7, 2023

Pharmacology of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revolutionized the management of acid-related gastrointestinal (GI) disorders by rendering potent and long-lasting suppression of gastric acid secretion. Introduced in the late twentieth century, PPIs—exemplified by omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, esomeprazole, and dexlansoprazole—effectively mitigate gastric hyperacidity,…

Pharmacology Mentor August 4, 2023

Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Antimalarial Drugs – A Comprehensive Guide

Antimalarial drugs are a class of medications specifically designed to prevent and treat malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

Pharmacology Mentor April 28, 2023

Antimicrobial Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Cephalosporin antibiotics

Cephalosporin antibiotics are beta-lactam antibiotics derived from Cephalosporium acremonium, classified by generations based on their antimicrobial spectra and pharmacokinetic properties. They are among the most utilized antibiotics globally, due to broad…

Pharmacology Mentor April 16, 2023