Category: Neuropharmacology
Pharmacology of Propofol
Introduction/Overview Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent that has become a cornerstone of modern anesthesia and critical care practice. Since its clinical introduction in...
Pharmacotherapy of migraine
Introduction Migraine is a debilitating primary headache disorder characterized by episodic attacks of throbbing or pulsating head pain, often accompanied by photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and...
Pharmacotherapy of Epilepsy
Introduction Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions of individuals worldwide (Katzung, 2020). While the underlying pathophysiology varies, epilepsy generally arises...
Pharmacology of Sedative-Hypnotics
Introduction Sedative-hypnotics are a class of medications primarily utilized to induce sedation (calming) or hypnosis (sleep). These central nervous system (CNS) depressants work by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission...
Pharmacotherapy of Antidepressants
Introduction Antidepressant medications are a cornerstone of modern psychiatric care, offering relief and long-term stabilization for individuals experiencing major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other...
Pharmacology of Aspirin: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction Aspirin—chemically known as acetylsalicylic acid—is among the most widely used medications across the globe. Renowned for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and, at low doses, antithrombotic actions, aspirin’s versatility has made...
Pharmacology of NSAIDs: Comprehensive Overview, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Considerations
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used medications worldwide, offering relief from pain, inflammation, and fever for a myriad of conditions. Their...
Pharmacology of Anxiolytics
Scope and Definition Anxiolytics are a class of pharmacological agents administered to treat pathological anxiety—a set of disorders characterized by excessive and unmanageable worry or fear....
Pharmacology of Ketamine: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction to Ketamine Ketamine, a compound initially synthesized in 1962, marked a significant milestone in anesthetic medicine. Developed as an alternative to phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine...
Pre-Anesthetic Medication in Clinical Practice
Introduction Pre-anesthetic medications (premedicants) have been integral to anesthetic practice since the early days of surgical anesthesia. Their rational use is essential for improving patient...