Pharmacology Mentor | Expert insights in Pharmacology

Pharmacology of GLP-1 Agonists

1. Introduction: The Incretin Effect To understand GLP-1 agonists, one must first understand the "Incretin Effect." This physiological phenomenon describes the observation that oral glucose administration elicits a much higher…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Drugs

1. Introduction to Cardiac Electrophysiology Understanding antiarrhythmic drugs requires a foundational understanding of the cardiac action potential (AP) and the ion channels that govern it. Cardiac arrhythmia is defined as…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Hypolipidemic Drugs

1. Introduction to Lipoproteins and Lipid Metabolism Hyperlipidemia (or dyslipidemia) is defined as an elevation in plasma lipids, including cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides (TGs), and phospholipids. These lipids are insoluble…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

General Pharmacology

A Comprehensive Treatise on Drug Nomenclature, Regulatory Frameworks, and the Architecture of Patient Safety

Executive Summary The nomenclature of pharmaceutical agents is not merely a bureaucratic exercise in labeling; it is the foundational linguistic infrastructure of modern medicine. It serves as the critical interface…

Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025

CVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmics – A quick summary

I. Introduction and Electrophysiological Basis Cardiac arrhythmias are disorders of the heart rate or rhythm caused by abnormalities in electrical impulse formation or conduction. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) aim to restore…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2026

GI Pharmacology

Pharmacotherapy of Peptic Ulcer

Scope: Pathophysiology, Drug Classifications, Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Guidelines. I. Introduction and Pathophysiology Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder characterized by a breach…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2026

Endocrine Pharmacology

Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology of Antidiabetic Agents

1. Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control 1.1. Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is not a single entity but a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterised by…

Pharmacology Mentor November 17, 2025

General Pharmacology

Steady-State Concentration: Principles, Calculations, and Clinical Application

Steady state is a cornerstone concept in clinical pharmacokinetics. It connects dose, dosing interval, and patient-specific clearance to the drug concentrations that drive therapeutic and adverse effects. Yet, “steady state”…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2026

General Pharmacology

Drug receptor classes

There are four classes of drug receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, enzyme-linked receptors (receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokine receptors), and intracellular nuclear receptors, each of which transmits its…

Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2026

miscellaneous Pharmacology

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs in India: A Comprehensive Overview

Main Takeaway: India lacks a unified regulatory framework for OTC drugs, creating a complex landscape where medications not listed as prescription-only are sold over-the-counter. With 62.3% of urban populations practicing…

Pharmacology Mentor October 31, 2025