Category: Endocrine
Pharmacology of Estrogens
Introduction Overview of Estrogens: Definition and Biological Significance Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones crucial for the development and functioning of both female and...
Pharmacotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a worldwide health issue, which is characterized by insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin release, consequently...
Pharmacology of Thionamides
Introduction Among the oldest and most widely used agents for hyperthyroidism, thionamides (alternatively “thioureas”) remain essential in patient care. These medications include propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole, and carbimazole, commonly referred to as antithyroid or thyroid-inhibiting drugs...
Pharmacology of Tamoxifen
Introduction Tamoxifen has emerged as a fundamental drug in oncology, revolutionizing breast cancer treatment and management. Esteemed for both its efficacy and versatility, it has...
Pharmacology of Testosterone
Introduction Testosterone is a key hormone in the human body, primarily recognized for its role in male sexual development and secondary sexual characteristics. However, its pharmacological profile...
Pharmacology of thyroid and antithyroid drugs – an Overview
Physiology of Thyroid Hormones Thyroid Hormone Synthesis The thyroid secretes T4 and T3, the synthesis of which depends on dietary iodine or iodide supplements.– Iodide...
Linzagolix Pharmacology and Recent Advancements
Introduction Linzagolix, brand named Yselty®, is a selective, orally administered, non-peptide small molecule gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist developed by Kissei Pharmaceutical, aimed at treating...
Pharmacology of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists
Introduction Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists have redefined several aspects of endocrine and reproductive medicine by offering a more direct and immediate means of suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal...
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are synthetic peptide analogues of native GnRH engineered to resist enzymatic degradation and to produce sustained receptor activation that ultimately suppresses...
Pharmacology of Danazol: a synthetic steroid
Introduction and Chemical Nature Danazol is a synthetic isoxazole derivative of 17α-ethinyl testosterone. It was developed for its unique endocrine properties and mild androgenic activity, making...