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pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Drugs

1. Introduction to Cardiac Electrophysiology Understanding antiarrhythmic drugs requires a foundational understanding of the cardiac action potential (AP) and the ion channels that govern it. Cardiac arrhythmia is defined as…
Read More Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025
Hypolipidemic drugs
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Hypolipidemic Drugs

1. Introduction to Lipoproteins and Lipid Metabolism Hyperlipidemia (or dyslipidemia) is defined as an elevation in plasma lipids, including cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides (TGs), and phospholipids. These lipids are insoluble…
Read More Pharmacology of Hypolipidemic Drugs
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025
Antiarrhythmics-summary
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Antiarrhythmics – A quick summary

I. Introduction and Electrophysiological Basis Cardiac arrhythmias are disorders of the heart rate or rhythm caused by abnormalities in electrical impulse formation or conduction. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) aim to restore…
Read More Antiarrhythmics – A quick summary
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor January 26, 2026
antiarrhythmic
Posted inCVS Featured Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Agents: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction Cardiac arrhythmias—or disturbances in the normal electrical rhythm of the heart—represent a complex spectrum of disorders that can range from benign to life-threatening (Katzung, 2020). In normal physiology, the…
Read More Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Agents: A Comprehensive Overview
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor January 21, 2025
angina pectoris
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Pharmacotherapy of Angina Pectoris

Introduction Angina pectoris, often referred to simply as angina, is chest pain or discomfort that arises when the myocardial oxygen supply is insufficient to meet the heart’s metabolic demands. As…
Read More Pharmacotherapy of Angina Pectoris
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor December 28, 2025
beta blockers
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Propranolol

Introduction Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, has been a mainstay in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. First synthesized in the 1960s, it revolutionized the management of conditions like hypertension, angina…
Read More Pharmacology of Propranolol
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025
Amiodarone
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Amiodarone

Introduction Amiodarone is a potent, pleiotropic antiarrhythmic agent classified as a Vaughan-Williams Class III drug, renowned for its efficacy in managing a wide spectrum of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Its complex pharmacodynamic…
Read More Pharmacology of Amiodarone
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025
lidocaine
Posted inCVS Neuropharmacology Pharmacology

Pharmacology of Lidocaine

Introduction Lidocaine is one of the most commonly used local anesthetics and antiarrhythmic agents in clinical medicine. Since its first introduction in the 1940s, lidocaine has revolutionized minor surgical procedures, regional anesthesia, and the treatment…
Read More Pharmacology of Lidocaine
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor December 27, 2025
antiarrhythmic drugs
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Miscellaneous Antiarrhythmic Agents: Adenosine and others

Adenosine Adenosine is antiarrhythmic agent that is widely used for the investigation and management of both narrow complex and, less often, broad complex tachycardias. It produces a transient block in the…
Read More Miscellaneous Antiarrhythmic Agents: Adenosine and others
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor March 12, 2024
antiarrhythmic drugs
Posted inCVS Pharmacology

Class 4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Verapamil and Diltiazem

Verapamil and diltiazem are non‑dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers classified as Class IV antiarrhythmics, primarily used to slow atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction and control ventricular rate in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias such as atrial…
Read More Class 4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Verapamil and Diltiazem
Posted by Pharmacology Mentor September 11, 2025

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