Antimicrobial

Introduction Antiviral pharmacology has advanced from the single-agent era of idoxuridine to a modern arsenal including polymerase terminators, protease blockers, monoclonal antibodies, and host-directed entry inhibitors. Because viruses are obligate intracellular…

Introduction Broad-spectrum antibiotics stand at the forefront of infectious disease management, enabling healthcare professionals to effectively target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens without waiting for definitive culture results. Within…

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially severe infectious disease caused primarily by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While TB most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), it can also spread to…

INTRODUCTION Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics initially discovered in the late 1940s as natural products of Streptomyces species. They quickly gained wide clinical use due to their efficacy…