Oral Anticoagulant Drugs
Introduction to Oral Anticoagulant Drugs What are Oral Anticoagulant Drugs? Oral anticoagulant drugs are a class of medication that help prevent blood clot formation. They work by interfering with the…
An Overview on Anticoagulant Drugs
Introduction to Anticoagulant Drugs What are Anticoagulant Drugs? Anticoagulant drugs, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are a class of medication that prevent blood clot formation. They play a crucial…
An Overview on Antiplatelet Drugs
Introduction to Antiplatelet Drugs What are Antiplatelet Drugs? Antiplatelet drugs are a class of medications that inhibit platelet aggregation, which is the clumping together of platelets in the blood. This…
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)
Introduction to Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Understanding SAR: Definition and Importance The Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) is a critical concept in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, referring to the relationship between a chemical…
Pharmacology of Ketamine: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction to Ketamine Ketamine, a compound initially synthesized in 1962, marked a significant milestone in anesthetic medicine. Developed as an alternative to phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine was first used in clinical…
Pre-Anesthetic Medication in Clinical Practice
Introduction Pre-anesthetic medications (premedicants) have been integral to anesthetic practice since the early days of surgical anesthesia. Their rational use is essential for improving patient comfort, reducing perioperative morbidity, minimizing…
Intravenous Anesthetics
Introduction Understanding Intravenous Anesthetics Intravenous anesthetics are a class of drugs used to induce and maintain anesthesia, administered directly into the bloodstream. They are essential for rapid induction of anesthesia,…
General anesthetics
Introduction Understanding General Anesthetics General anesthetics are a diverse group of drugs used to induce a reversible loss of consciousness, providing pain relief and muscle relaxation during surgical procedures. They…
Inhalation Anesthetics
Introduction Inhalation anesthetics play a central role in modern anesthesia, enabling practitioners to achieve and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures. Unlike intravenous agents, which rapidly induce unconsciousness, inhalation anesthetics are administered via…
Pharmacology of Thionamides
Introduction Among the oldest and most widely used agents for hyperthyroidism, thionamides (alternatively “thioureas”) remain essential in patient care. These medications include propylthiouracil (PTU), methimazole, and carbimazole, commonly referred to as antithyroid or thyroid-inhibiting drugs (Goodman & Gilman, 2018). Their…
