Author: Pharmacology Mentor
Factors Affecting Oral Drug Absorption and its Bioavailability
Oral drug absorption is a critical process that determines the efficacy and safety of a medication. The bioavailability of a drug depends on various factors,...
Adrenaline/Epinephrine-Induced Fight, Flight and Fright Response
Understanding the action of drugs on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be simplified by drawing a comparison with the adrenaline/epinephrine-induced fight, flight, and fright...
Drugs Used as Mood Stabilizers
Introduction Mood disorders—including bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and certain forms of unipolar depression—are chronic and debilitating mental health conditions. Characterized by pathologic mood swings, from...
Immunomodulators and a focus on immunosuppressants
Immunomodulators are drugs that can either suppress or enhance the activity of the immune system. These are two types: Introduction Immunosuppressants comprise a diverse group of...
Tuberculosis and Its Treatment
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), a slow-growing, aerobic, acid-fast bacillus with a unique, lipid-rich cell wall conferring virulence...
Bronchial Asthma and its Treatment
Asthma Bronchial asthma is a condition characterized by bronchial hyperreactivity and inflammation. The activation of IgE bound to mast cells by the antigen leads to...
Alzheimer’s Disease and treatment
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by amyloid and tau protein pathology that leads to gradual decline in memory, function, and behavior; management...
Pharmacotherapy of Cough
Introduction Cough—an involuntary, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs—is one of the most frequent symptoms leading to medical consultation. As a physiologic reflex, cough...
Anti-manic drugs: Lithium and others
Introduction Mania is a hallmark feature of bipolar disorder and is characterized by heightened mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, grandiosity, and, often, impulsive or...
Antidepressant Drugs: A brief note
Brief Summary Drugs can increase monoaminergic transmission by inhibiting the metabolism or reuptake of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). MAO Inhibitors Reuptake...