Antimicrobial

Antimicrobial Drugs: All classes

Antimicrobial agents can be broadly classified into six main categories: antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, anthelmintics, and antiseptics. Antibiotics can be classified into several classes based...

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Antimicrobial

Pharmacology of Penicillins

Introduction Among the most historically significant and widely used classes of antibiotics, penicillins have revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. Their discovery by Sir Alexander Fleming in...

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Neuropharmacology

CNS infections and their treatment

Central nervous system (CNS) infections include a spectrum of diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, and healthcare-associated ventriculitis/meningitis. These conditions are associated with significant...

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Neuropharmacology

Sedative-Hypnotics: their Pharmacology and where they are used?

Sedative-hypnotics are a class of drugs that work on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a calming or drowsy effect and are often prescribed...

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Neuropharmacology

Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Overview Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor features (bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, postural instability) and a wide array of nonmotor...

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Neuropharmacology

Antiepileptic Drugs

Introduction Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder defined by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs),...

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Neuropharmacology

Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms and its Management

1. Overview & Clinical Importance Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that follows the abrupt cessation or reduction of heavy, prolonged alcohol...

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Neuropharmacology

Methanol Poisoning: Symptoms and Management

Methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol) is a simple aliphatic alcohol with significant toxicological importance. It is colorless, volatile, and commonly used as a solvent, antifreeze,...

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ANS

Sympatholytics/Adrenergic antagonists

Introduction Have you ever wondered about the drugs that counteract the effects of the sympathetic nervous system? Sympatholytics, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are one...

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ANS

Parasympatholytics/Cholinergic antagonists

Introduction Parasympatholytics, also known as anticholinergics, are a class of drugs that inhibit the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on parasympathetic nerve endings. These drugs...

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