Posted inCVS Pharmacology
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). They are classified into four main classes (Class 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to the Vaughan-Williams…
Posted inNeuropharmacology Pharmacology
Pharmacology of Opioid Analgesics
Introduction Opioid analgesics comprise a diverse class of drugs used primarily for pain management. Derived from natural sources such as the opium poppy or synthesized in laboratories, these agents have…