Posted inCVS Pharmacology
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). They are classified into four main classes (Class 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to the Vaughan-Williams…
Posted inAntimicrobial Pharmacology
Pharmacology of Cephalosporin antibiotics
Cephalosporin antibiotics are beta-lactam antibiotics derived from Cephalosporium acremonium, classified by generations based on their antimicrobial spectra and pharmacokinetic properties. They are among the most utilized antibiotics globally, due to broad…
Posted inCVS Pharmacology
Drugs for Congestive Cardiac Failure
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs and other body tissues.
Posted inGeneral Pharmacology
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)
Introduction Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) are an important aspect of chemistry that has been applied in many fields, particularly in drug design. It is a scientific method used to understand the…
Posted inAntimicrobial Pharmacology
Antimicrobial Drugs: All classes
Antimicrobial agents can be broadly classified into six main categories: antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, anthelmintics, and antiseptics. Antibiotics: Antibiotics can be classified into several classes based on their chemical structure,…
Posted inAntimicrobial Pharmacology
Pharmacology of Penicillins
Introduction Among the most historically significant and widely used classes of antibiotics, penicillins have revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. Their discovery by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 laid the foundation for…
Posted inNeuropharmacology Pharmacology
CNS infections and their treatment
Central nervous system (CNS) infections include a spectrum of diseases such as meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess, and healthcare-associated ventriculitis/meningitis. These conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, requiring rapid…
Posted inNeuropharmacology Pharmacology
Sedative-Hypnotics: their Pharmacology and where they are used?
Sedative-hypnotics are a class of drugs that work on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a calming or drowsy effect and are often prescribed for insomnia, anxiety, and seizure…
Posted inNeuropharmacology Pharmacology
Antiparkinsonian Drugs
Overview Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor features (bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, postural instability) and a wide array of nonmotor symptoms (autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders,…
Posted inNeuropharmacology Pharmacology
Antiepileptic Drugs
Introduction Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder defined by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), now more accurately known as…