Category: Antimicrobial
Pharmacology of Antifungal Drugs
Introduction/Overview The management of fungal infections represents a significant and growing challenge in clinical medicine. The increasing prevalence of invasive mycoses is driven by several...
Pharmacology of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Introduction/Overview Aminoglycosides represent a class of bactericidal antibiotics derived from various species of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. These agents have maintained a crucial, albeit more targeted,...
Pharmacology of Macrolide Antibiotics
Introduction/Overview Macrolide antibiotics constitute a significant class of antimicrobial agents characterized by a macrocyclic lactone ring. Since the discovery of erythromycin in 1952, these compounds...
Pharmacology of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Introduction/Overview Beta-lactam antibiotics constitute one of the most clinically significant and widely prescribed classes of antimicrobial agents. Their discovery and subsequent development have fundamentally transformed...
Pharmacology of Penicillin G
1. Introduction/Overview Penicillin G, also known as benzylpenicillin, represents the prototypical and first widely available antibiotic from the beta-lactam class. Its discovery by Alexander Fleming...
Pharmacology of Antiviral Drugs
Introduction Antiviral pharmacology has advanced from the single-agent era of idoxuridine to a modern arsenal including polymerase terminators, protease blockers, monoclonal antibodies, and host-directed entry...
Broad spectrum antibiotics – Tetracyclines and Chloramphenicol
Introduction Broad-spectrum antibiotics stand at the forefront of infectious disease management, enabling healthcare professionals to effectively target a wide variety of bacterial pathogens without waiting...
Pharmacotherapy of Tuberculosis (TB)
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially severe infectious disease caused primarily by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While TB most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis),...
Pharmacology of Tetracyclines
INTRODUCTION Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics initially discovered in the late 1940s as natural products of Streptomyces species. They quickly gained wide clinical...
Pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs
INTRODUCTION The advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) represents one of the most significant milestones in contemporary medicine, radically transforming human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection...