Pharmacology of Tamoxifen
Introduction Tamoxifen has emerged as a fundamental drug in oncology, revolutionizing breast cancer treatment and management. Esteemed for both its efficacy and versatility, it has been a mainstay in medical…
Heparin: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction Heparin stands as one of the most essential and time-honored anticoagulants utilized in modern medicine. Discovered early in the 20th century, it found rapid acceptance in clinical practice for…
Pharmacology of Loratadine
Introduction Loratadine is a widely used second-generation antihistamine renowned for its effectiveness in alleviating allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy or watery eyes. By selectively blocking peripheral histamine…
Pharmacology of Pilocarpine
Introduction Pilocarpine is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the leaves of plants belonging to the genus Pilocarpus. Widely recognized for its potent cholinergic properties, pilocarpine has been an essential…
Pharmacology of Propranolol
Introduction Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, has been a mainstay in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. First synthesized in the 1960s, it revolutionized the management of conditions like hypertension, angina…
Pharmacology of Testosterone
Introduction Testosterone is a key hormone in the human body, primarily recognized for its role in male sexual development and secondary sexual characteristics. However, its pharmacological profile extends well beyond basic reproduction…
Pharmacology of Albendazole
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic that disrupts parasite microtubules and energy metabolism, leading to ovicidal, larvicidal, and vermicidal effects across key helminth infections. Clinically, it is FDA-approved for parenchymal…
Pharmacology of Amiodarone
Introduction Amiodarone is a potent, pleiotropic antiarrhythmic agent classified as a Vaughan-Williams Class III drug, renowned for its efficacy in managing a wide spectrum of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Its complex pharmacodynamic…
Pharmacology of Clindamycin
Clindamycin is a semi-synthetic lincosamide antibiotic that exerts its antimicrobial action by binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through blockage of…
Pharmacology of Levocetirizine
Introduction Levocetirizine is a widely used second-generation H1-antihistamine, often prescribed for the management of allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and other allergic conditions. It is the active R-enantiomer of its racemic counterpart, cetirizine, a drug that has…
