Introduction/Overview Streptokinase represents a cornerstone agent in the pharmacological management of acute thrombotic occlusions. Derived from β-hemolytic streptococci, this protein functions as an indirect activator of the fibrinolytic system, converting…

1. Introduction/Overview Clopidogrel represents a cornerstone in the pharmacological management of atherothrombotic disease. As a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, it is prescribed globally to reduce the risk of ischemic events in…

Introduction/Overview Heparin represents a cornerstone of anticoagulant therapy, belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans. Its discovery in 1916 by Jay McLean and subsequent clinical introduction revolutionized the management of thrombotic…

Introduction/Overview Warfarin represents a cornerstone of oral anticoagulant therapy, with a clinical history spanning over seven decades. As a vitamin K antagonist, it exerts its therapeutic effect by interfering with…

Introduction/Overview Atorvastatin calcium represents a cornerstone agent in the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. As a synthetic, potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, it…

Introduction/Overview Atorvastatin represents a cornerstone agent in the pharmacological management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. As a synthetic, potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, it…

Introduction/Overview Heparin represents a cornerstone of anticoagulant therapy, belonging to the broader class of glycosaminoglycans. As one of the oldest and most widely used parenteral anticoagulants, its discovery and clinical…

Introduction/Overview Amiodarone represents a cornerstone agent in the management of complex cardiac arrhythmias, distinguished by its unique pharmacologic profile and broad spectrum of antiarrhythmic activity. Initially developed in the 1960s…

Introduction/Overview Lidocaine, a prototypical amide local anesthetic and class Ib antiarrhythmic agent, represents a cornerstone in both regional anesthesia and cardiac therapeutics. First synthesized in 1943 by Nils Löfgren, its…

1. Introduction/Overview Glyceryl trinitrate, more commonly referred to as nitroglycerin, represents the prototypical agent within the organic nitrate class of vasodilators. Its discovery in 1847 by Ascanio Sobrero and subsequent…