Drug Nomenclature or Naming System: A detailed overview
INTRODUCTION Drug nomenclature is a critical and highly specialized area within pharmaceutical science, involving the systematic naming of medicinal substances for rigorous clarity in healthcare settings, research environments, and regulatory…
Pharmacology of Aspirin: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction Aspirin—chemically known as acetylsalicylic acid—is among the most widely used medications across the globe. Renowned for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and, at low doses, antithrombotic actions, aspirin’s versatility has made it a mainstay in clinical…
Pharmacology of NSAIDs: Comprehensive Overview, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Considerations
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used medications worldwide, offering relief from pain, inflammation, and fever for a myriad of conditions. Their popularity stems from their effectiveness,…
Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmic Agents: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction Cardiac arrhythmias—or disturbances in the normal electrical rhythm of the heart—represent a complex spectrum of disorders that can range from benign to life-threatening (Katzung, 2020). In normal physiology, the…
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogeomics: An indepth review
Introduction Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics represent a groundbreaking convergence of genetics, medicine, and pharmaceutical sciences. By investigating the ways individual genetic variations influence drug response, researchers and clinicians have profoundly impacted…
Pharmacokinetics (ADME): an overview
Introduction Pharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology devoted to understanding what the body does to a drug once it has been administered. This entails a detailed look at four main processes collectively…
Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) in Drug Design
Introduction to Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) explore the connection between a compound's chemical structure and its biological activity. By analyzing how different molecular structures influence biological effects, researchers…
Pharmacology of Androgens: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction Androgens—the primary being testosterone and its potent intracellular metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—drive the development and maintenance of male phenotype, regulate protein anabolism, affect behavior, and exert complex feed-back control over the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG)…
Pharmacology of Anti-Androgens
I. Introduction to Anti-Androgens A. What are Anti-Androgens? Anti-androgens are a class of drugs that block the effects of androgens, which are male sex hormones such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone…
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Receptors: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions in the human body. It consists of two main divisions: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)…
