Introduction/Overview Metronidazole represents a cornerstone antimicrobial agent within the nitroimidazole class, distinguished by its potent activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. First introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s, its…

1. Introduction/Overview The discovery of artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from the plant Artemisia annua (sweet wormwood), represents one of the most significant advances in antimalarial chemotherapy in the…

Introduction/Overview Chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline compound, represents a cornerstone agent in the chemotherapeutic arsenal against malaria. First synthesized in 1934 and introduced into clinical practice in the 1940s, its efficacy, low…

Introduction/Overview Zidovudine, also known as azidothymidine (AZT), represents a cornerstone in the historical and contemporary management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As the first antiretroviral agent approved for clinical…

Introduction/Overview Acyclovir, a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue, represents a cornerstone in the chemotherapeutic management of infections caused by herpesviruses. Its development in the late 1970s marked a pivotal advancement in…

Introduction/Overview Fluconazole represents a cornerstone agent within the systemic antifungal armamentarium. As a synthetic triazole antifungal, its development marked a significant advancement in the management of invasive and superficial fungal…

Introduction/Overview Amphotericin B represents a cornerstone polyene macrolide antibiotic in the therapeutic armamentarium against severe, life-threatening systemic fungal infections. First isolated in 1955 from Streptomyces nodosus, it has maintained its…

Introduction/Overview Dapsone, a synthetic sulfone antimicrobial agent, represents a cornerstone in the chemotherapeutic management of several chronic infectious and inflammatory conditions. First synthesized in the early 20th century and introduced…

Introduction/Overview Ethambutol is a first-line synthetic chemotherapeutic agent integral to the modern management of tuberculosis. Its discovery in 1961 represented a significant advancement in antimycobacterial therapy, providing an orally active…

Introduction/Overview Pyrazinamide is a cornerstone synthetic antimycobacterial agent integral to the modern short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Its introduction in the 1950s and subsequent integration into first-line regimens in the 1970s…