Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs
Introduction The thyroid gland plays a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis, influencing functions such as energy expenditure, heat generation, and macronutrient metabolism. Dysregulation of thyroid hormone production can lead to…
Oral Contraceptive Pills An Overview
Introduction Oral contraceptive drugs, employed primarily for preventing unwanted pregnancies, embody a range of formulations with distinct pharmacological profiles to cater to individual needs. Here's a comprehensive overview of their…
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy – Antibacterials
Click here to practice other quizzes on Antiviral, Antifungal, Antimalarial, antiprotozoal and antihelminthic drugs
Antiplatelet drugs, Anticoagulants and Fibrinolytics
Antiplatelet Drugs Antiplatelet drugs are a class of medications that prevent blood clots from forming. They work by stopping your platelets from sticking together. Antiplatelet drugs are used to avoid blood clots,…
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are cornerstone analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agents whose primary mechanism is inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. A complete pharmacology chapter…
Hematinics and iron chelators
Hematinics are agents that supply essential substrates for erythropoiesis—principally iron, vitamin B12, and folate—while iron chelators remove excess iron from overload states; together, these drugs correct deficiency anemias and mitigate…
Pharmacology of Opioid Analgesics
Introduction Opioid analgesics comprise a diverse class of drugs used primarily for pain management. Derived from natural sources such as the opium poppy or synthesized in laboratories, these agents have…
Sildenafil: Its Use as a PDE5 Inhibitor for Erectile Dysfunction
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are first‑line oral agents for erectile dysfunction that augment the endogenous nitric oxide–cGMP pathway in the corpus cavernosum to facilitate erection with sexual stimulation, and…
Androgens and Antiandrogens
Androgens are steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. The principal naturally occurring androgens in humans are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), both synthesized mainly in…
How to write a research paper?
Writing a research paper is both a craft and a process. It blends critical thinking, methodological rigor, and clear communication—qualities that must be cultivated from project conception to publication. While…
