Sedative-Hypnotics: their Pharmacology and where they are used?
Sedative-hypnotics are a class of drugs that work on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce a calming or drowsy effect and are often prescribed for insomnia, anxiety, and seizure…
Antiparkinsonian Drugs
Overview Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor features (bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, postural instability) and a wide array of nonmotor symptoms (autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders,…
Antiepileptic Drugs
Introduction Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are medications used to treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. There are several classes of AEDs, each with different mechanisms of action, therapeutic…
Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms and its Management
Introduction It's no secret that alcohol can significantly impact a person's life, both physically and emotionally. When someone who has been consuming alcohol heavily or for an extended period decides…
Methanol Poisoning: Symptoms and Management
Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is a toxic substance that can cause severe health problems, including death if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. This article will discuss the…
Organophosphorus Compound Poisoning and Its Treatment
Introduction Organophosphorus (OP) compounds, a broad class of chemicals primarily used as pesticides (insecticides) and, less ethically, as chemical warfare agents (nerve gases), pose a significant challenge in both developed and developing nations (Katzung,…
Sympatholytics/Adrenergic antagonists
Introduction Have you ever wondered about the drugs that counteract the effects of the sympathetic nervous system? Sympatholytics, also known as adrenergic antagonists, are one such class of drugs. This…
Parasympatholytics/Cholinergic antagonists
Introduction Parasympatholytics, also known as anticholinergics, are a class of drugs that inhibit the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on parasympathetic nerve endings. These drugs can be classified based on…
Atropine/Belladonna/Datura Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
1 · Overview Atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are tropane alkaloids concentrated in plants of the Solanaceae family—most notably Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) and Datura stramonium (jimson-weed). These compounds act as…
Parasympathomimetics/Cholinergic agonists
Introduction Parasympathomimetics — also referred to as cholinergic agonists or muscarinic agonists—are a class of medications that enhance or mimic the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The PNS is one subdivision…
