Introduction/Overview Parasympathomimetics, also termed cholinomimetics, constitute a class of pharmacological agents that mimic or potentiate the actions of the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at effector organs of the parasympathetic nervous…

Introduction/Overview Skeletal muscle relaxants constitute a diverse group of pharmacological agents employed to alleviate muscle spasticity, rigidity, or spasms associated with various neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. These drugs do not…

Introduction/Overview Flumazenil represents a pivotal agent in clinical toxicology and anesthesiology as a specific competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex.…

1. Introduction/Overview Flumazenil represents a pivotal agent in clinical toxicology and anesthesiology as a specific competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor…

Introduction/Overview Dimercaprol, historically known as British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), represents a foundational agent in the therapeutic armamentarium for acute heavy metal poisoning. Developed during World War II as an antidote against…

Introduction/Overview Penicillamine, a degradation product of penicillin, represents a unique therapeutic agent with applications rooted in its distinctive biochemical properties. Unlike its antibiotic progenitor, penicillamine lacks antimicrobial activity but possesses…

Introduction/Overview Penicillamine, a degradation product of penicillin, is a unique therapeutic agent with a distinct pharmacological profile. Despite its origin, it lacks antimicrobial activity and is employed primarily for its…

Introduction/Overview Desferrioxamine, also known internationally as deferoxamine, represents a cornerstone therapeutic agent in the management of iron overload and acute iron poisoning. As a hexadentate chelator isolated from the actinobacterium…