Pharmacology

Anti-manic drugs: Lithium and others

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Anti-manic drugs

Introduction Mania is a hallmark feature of bipolar disorder and is characterized by heightened mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, grandiosity, and, often, impulsive or reckless behaviors. During manic episodes, individuals experience profound alterations in mood and neurophysiological processes, sometimes leading to severe psychosocial impairments. Treating mania demands a nuanced blend of pharmacologic intervention, psychotherapeutic … Read more

Routes of Drug Administration: A detailed overview

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Routes of drug administration

Routes of drug administration are critical in determining a medication’s therapeutic effectiveness, safety profile, and patient adherence. Different routes allow clinicians to optimize how quickly and extensively an active compound reaches its intended site of action, while also accommodating specific disease conditions and patient factors. While numerous administration routes exist—ranging from oral ingestion to specialized … Read more

Dosage Forms of the Drugs

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dosage forms of the drugs

Introduction Drugs can be formulated into a wide variety of dosage forms to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The choice of dosage form depends on factors such as the physicochemical properties of the drug, the intended route of administration, desired onset and duration of action, patient factors, and commercial considerations.[1] This article will provide an … Read more

An Overview of Essential Medicines

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Essential medicines

Essential medicines are drugs selected to meet the priority health care needs of a population, chosen on the basis of public‑health relevance, comparative efficacy and safety, cost‑effectiveness, and assured quality, forming the backbone of rational therapeutics, teaching, and formulary systems. Standard pharmacology textbooks present essential medicines as a framework that links evidence‑based drug selection with … Read more

Drug Nomenclature: Drug Naming system

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drug nomenclature

Introduction Have you ever wondered how drugs get their names? It’s not a random process but a well-structured system known as drug nomenclature. This article will take you on a journey through the intricate world of drug naming, shedding light on the logic and science behind the names on your medicine bottles. Drug Nomenclature: Drug … Read more

Pharmacology: An Introduction

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pharmacology

What is Pharmacology? Pharmacology is the branch of science concerned with the study of drugs, their actions on living systems, mechanisms of action, uses in treatment, and adverse effects. Pharmacology serves as the critical link between basic sciences (chemistry, physiology, biochemistry) and clinical medicine, guiding rational therapeutics. Core Divisions of Pharmacology Division Description Pharmacodynamics Study of … Read more