Fungi

Antimicrobial Resistance and its mechanisms

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Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the process by which microorganisms evolve to withstand the effects of drugs that were once effective against them. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance is vital for clinicians, microbiologists, and policy makers in managing infections and designing stewardship interventions. What Is Antimicrobial Resistance? AMR occurs when previously susceptible microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses, … Read more

Various Sources of Drugs

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Various sources of drugs

Introduction Drugs have transformed human health by treating infections, alleviating pain, controlling chronic conditions, and improving life expectancy. Historically, treatments emerged from rudimentary herbal or mineral remedies, refined through trial and error. Today, modern pharmacology leverages not only natural products but also advanced synthetic methods, biotechnology, and genetic engineering to create a broad arsenal of … Read more