Pharmacology of Paracetamol/Acetaminophen

Paracetamol

Introduction Paracetamol—known as acetaminophen in some regions—is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics. Celebrated for its efficacy and relatively favorable safety profile compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, paracetamol has become a mainstay of pain management protocols worldwide (Goodman & Gilman, 2018). It is commonly prescribed or bought over-the-counter for mild to … Read more

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are cornerstone analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agents whose primary mechanism is inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. A complete pharmacology chapter should cover COX biology, detailed classification, pharmacokinetics/dynamics, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, special populations, and evidence-based risk mitigation strategies from standard pharmacology texts and … Read more