Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. This article provides a detailed exploration of angina pectoris, including its classification, types, pathophysiology, and treatment for individual types. We’ll also incorporate flowcharts to help illustrate these concepts. What is Angina Pectoris? Angina pectoris is … Read more
Pharmacologic treatment of angina pectoris relies on antianginal agents that improve the myocardial oxygen supply–demand balance for symptom control and on adjunctive therapies tailored to mechanism (obstructive, vasospastic, microvascular), heart rate, blood pressure, and comorbidities under contemporary chronic coronary syndrome guidelines. Core antianginal classes include nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, late sodium current inhibition (ranolazine), … Read more
1. Definition & Epidemiology Ischemic heart disease (IHD)—also called coronary artery disease (CAD)—is defined by impaired blood supply (ischemia) to the myocardium, usually due to narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries by atherosclerotic plaque. IHD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly affecting adults over age 40 and those with major cardiovascular … Read more
The treatment of ischemic heart disease aims to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. This can be achieved through a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgical procedures. Drug Class Examples Pharmacokinetics Mechanism of Action/Pharmacological Actions Therapeutic Uses Adverse Effects Contraindications Drug Interactions Antiplatelet Drugs Aspirin, Clopidogrel Rapidly absorbed in the stomach … Read more