Glycerin
Glycerin Mechanism of Action Glycerin (or glycerol) is a trihydric alcohol that functions primarily as a humectant, lubricant, and penetrating agent. Water‑binding: Glycerin’s three hydroxyl groups attract water molecules, creating…
Glyburide
Glyburide Mechanism of Action Glyburide is a second‑generation sulfonylurea that lowers blood glucose by stimulating pancreatic β‑cell insulin release. Binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) component of ATP‑sensitive K⁺ (K_ATP)…
Glutathione
Glutathione Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide (γ‑glutamyl‑cysteinyl‑glycine) and the body’s primary intracellular antioxidant. It plays a pivotal role in detoxification, redox regulation, and immune-mediated processes. Mechanism of Action Free‑radical scavenging:…
Glumetza
Glumetza Mechanism of Action Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of the glucose‑dependent insulinotropic peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) receptor and the glucose‑dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. Activates both receptors → ↑ insulin secretion,…
Glucotrol
Glucotrol Glucotrol (generic glipizide) is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. Mechanism of Action Selective inhibition of pancreatic β‑cell K⁺⁺‑ATP channels → depolarization →…
Glucose
Glucose Mechanism of Action Glucose serves as the primary cellular substrate for energy production, feeding the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in mitochondria. Binding to glucose transporters (GLUTs) on cell membranes…
Glucosamine
Glucosamine Mechanism of Action Glucosamine is a naturally occurring amino‑sugar and a key building block of glycosaminoglycans, the core components of cartilage matrix. In cartilage, it acts as a substrate…
Glucophage XR
Glucophage XR --- Mechanism of Action Glucophage XR (extended‑release metformin) primarily lowers blood glucose by: Activating AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes → ↓ hepatic gluconeogenesis and ↓ hepatic glucose output. Increasing…
Glucophage
Glucophage Mechanism of Action Metformin (Glucophage) primarily lowers fasting glucose by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity through activation of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to increased glucose…
Glucagon
Glucagon Mechanism of Action Glucagon is a 29‑amino‑acid peptide that activates the Gs‑coupled glucagon receptor (GCGR) primarily on hepatocytes. Binding stimulates adenylate cyclase, raising intracellular cAMP → activation of protein…