Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin Mechanism of Action Isotretinoin is a retinoid derivative of vitamin A. It modulates skin physiology by: Reducing sebaceous gland size and sebum production. Normalizing keratinization in the follicular epithelium,…
Isosorbide Mononitrate
Isosorbide Mononitrate Isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) is a long‑acting nitrate used primarily for the prevention of angina pectoris and the treatment of heart failure. It functions by serving as a nitric…
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide dinitrate Mechanism of Action Isosorbide dinitrate is a organic nitrate that undergoes endothelial‑mediated conversion to nitric oxide (NO). NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in vascular smooth muscle, increasing…
Isosorbide
Isosorbide Mechanism of Action Isosorbide is a vasodilator that works by releasing nitric‑oxide (NO) from the endothelium. NO-mediated: NO activates guanylate cyclase → ↑cyclic‑GMP → smooth‑muscle relaxation. Results in decreased…
Isoniazid
Isoniazid Mechanism of Action Isoniazid (INH) is a pro‑drug that is activated by the mycobacterial enzyme ethA. Once activated, it alkylates the mycobacterial enoyl‑ACP reductase (InhA), inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis—essential…
Irbesartan
Irbesartan Irbesartan (brand name [Atenol]) is a second‑generation angiotensin‑II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated primarily for the management of hypertension and renal protection in diabetic patients. Mechanism of Action Irbesartan selectively…
Ipratropium
Ipratropium Mechanism of Action Ipratropium is a short‑acting, competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, primarily the M3 subtype on airway smooth muscle. By blocking these receptors, it prevents acetylcholine‑induced bronchoconstriction,…
Iopamidol
Iopamidol Mechanism of Action Iopamidol is a non‑ionic, low‑osmolar iodinated contrast medium. Provides radiopacity by increasing the overall X‑ray attenuation of vascular or organ structures. Its symmetrical iodine arrangement and…
Iohexol
Iohexol Mechanism of Action Iohexol is a non‑ionic, low‑osmolar iodinated contrast agent. X‑ray attenuation: The high‑atomic‑number iodine atoms absorb photons, increasing radiodensity of iodinated tissues. Vascular delineation: When injected intravenously,…
Invokana
Invokana Invokana (canagliflozin) is a selective sodium‑glucose co‑transporter‑2 (SGLT2) inhibitor indicated for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mechanism of Action Inhibits renal SGLT2 in the proximal…