Zinc Mechanism of Action Zinc is a divalent trace metal that acts as an essential cofactor in >300 enzymatic reactions and numerous regulatory proteins. Enzyme catalysis – stabilizes protein structures (e.g., DNA‑ and RNA‑dependent phosphodiesterases) and activates key metabolic enzymes (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase). Antioxidant defense – functions in the superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‑SOD) complex, … Read more
Zileuton Zileuton is a selective, non‑steroidal inhibitor of the enzyme 5‑lipoxygenase used primarily for the long‑term management of mild to moderate asthma. — Mechanism of Action Selective 5‑lipoxygenase inhibitor – blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A₄. ↓ Production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC₄, LTD₄, LTE₄) and leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄). ↓ Leukotriene‑mediated bronchoconstriction, eosinophil … Read more
Zilbrysq Zilbrysq (generic: zilbrysen) is an oral small‑molecule IL‑17 pathway inhibitor approved for the management of moderate‑to‑severe plaque psoriasis, and off‑label use is expanding into psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Mechanism of Action Selective inhibition of IL‑17A and IL‑17F: Binds the receptor‐associated complexes, preventing downstream activation of the TRAF6‑NF‑κB signaling cascade. Reduction of neutrophil recruitment … Read more
Zidovudine Mechanism of Action Inhibits reverse transcriptase: 3′‑deoxy‑adenosine 5′‑triphosphate (Z‑ATP) is incorporated into viral DNA by reverse transcriptase, causing premature chain termination. Competitive inhibition: The active triphosphate competes with normal deoxyadenosine triphosphate, decreasing viral replication. Selective for viral enzymes: Due to its structural similarity to nucleosides, zidovudine preferentially targets the viral enzyme over host polymerases, … Read more
Zetia Zetia (ezetimibe) is a cholesterol‑lowering agent that selectively inhibits intestinal absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol. It is commonly used alone or in combination with statins to achieve LDL‑c targets in patients with hyperlipidemia. Mechanism of Action Selective inhibitor of the Niemann–Pick C1‑like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter on enterocytes. Prevents uptake of micellar cholesterol → … Read more
Zestril Zestril is the brand name for the antihypertensive drug lisinopril, a potent, long‑acting ACE inhibitor. Mechanism of Action ACE inhibition – Zestril blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin‑converting enzyme (ACE). Decreased angiotensin II – leads to vasodilation, lowered aldosterone secretion, and reduced sympathetic tone. Increased bradykinin – accumulation … Read more
Zestoretic Mechanism of Action Zestoretic is a fixed‑dose combination of: Triamcinolone acetonide (0.05 % topical corticosteroid) Montelukast (0.5 % leukotriene receptor antagonist) Triamcinolone acetonide binds to cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors, translocates into the nucleus, and modulates transcription of anti‑inflammatory genes while suppressing pro‑inflammatory cytokines (IL‑1, IL‑6, TNF‑α). Montelukast competitively antagonizes the cysteinyl leukotriene (Cys‑LT₄, D₄, E₄) receptors (CysLT₁) … Read more
Zeposia Zeposia (generic name: ozanimod) is a selective sphingosine‑1‑phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It offers a convenient oral dosing option for patients who have limited therapeutic alternatives. — Mechanism of Action Ozanimod acts as an intermediate-acting agonist of the S1P1 and S1P5 receptors. … Read more
Zepbound Zepbound is the brand‑label formulation of tirzepatide, a once‑weekly injectable medication that acts as a dual glucose‑dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) receptor agonist. It is approved for weight management in adults with overweight/obesity and as adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when diet and exercise alone are insufficient. — Mechanism … Read more
Zenpep Zenpep is a prescription anti‑emetic used primarily for the prevention of chemotherapy‑induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It belongs to the 5‑HT₃ receptor antagonist class and has a favorable safety profile with rapid onset of action. Mechanism of Action Competitive antagonist at central and peripheral 5‑HT₃ receptors, inhibiting serotonin‑mediated activation of the vomiting center in … Read more