Ambien
Ambien (Zolpidem) --- Mechanism of Action Selective GABA‑A α1 subunit agonist: binds the benzodiazepine site on the GABA‑A receptor, enhancing chloride influx. Rapid onset (≈30 min) and moderate duration (~1–2 h)…
Ambroxol
Ambroxol Mechanism of Action Ambroxol is a mucolytic derivative of bromhexine that enhances mucociliary clearance by: Increasing pulmonary surfactant synthesis → lowers mucus surface tension and improves viscosity. Stabilizing lysosomal…
Amiodarone
Amiodarone Amiodarone is a long‑acting, multi‑class antiarrhythmic agent commonly used to treat serious ventricular arrhythmias and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Mechanism of Action Class III activity: Potassium channel (IKr, IKs) blockade prolongs…
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin Amoxicillin is a semi‑synthetic, broad‑spectrum β‑lactam antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections caused by gram‑positive and gram‑negative organisms. It is typically available as an oral formulation (capsule, chewable…
Amoxicillin and Clavulanate
Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Amoxicillin combined with Clavulanate is a widely used oral beta‑lactam antibactericidal agent that provides expanded-spectrum activity against beta‑lactamase–producing organisms. --- Mechanism of Action Amoxicillin: A penicillidin antibiotic…
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) with a broad spectrum of therapeutic uses beyond depression, including neuropathic pain, migraine prophylaxis, and sleep disorders. It acts primarily by inhibiting the…
Amlodipine
Amlodipine Mechanism of Action Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium‑channel blocker (CCB) that selectively inhibits L‑type voltage‑dependent Ca²⁺ channels in vascular smooth muscle. It reduces intracellular Ca²⁺ influx, causing vasodilation of…
Ampicillin
Ampicillin Ampicillin is a semi‑synthetic penicillin V derivative with a broad spectrum of activity against many Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative organisms. It is widely used for community‑acquired infections, prophylaxis in certain surgical…
Diazepam
Diazepam Mechanism of Action Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that potentiates the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma‑aminobutyric acid (GABA). It binds to a specific allosteric site on the GABA_A receptor complex, increasing chloride…
ibuprofen
Ibuprofen Mechanism of Action Ibuprofen is a non‑selective cyclo‑oxygenase (COX‑1 and COX‑2) inhibitor. By blocking COX enzymes, it ↓ the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are key mediators…