Tranexamic acid

Tranexamic acid Mechanism of Action Tranexamic acid is a synthetic antifibrinolytic that reversibly binds to lysine‑binding sites on plasminogen molecules, blocking their conversion to active plasmin. By inhibiting plasmin formation,…

Tramadol

Tramadol Mechanism of Action Tramadol achieves analgesia primarily through two mechanisms: weak μ‑opioid receptor agonism (≈ 5 % affinity) inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake, boosting descending inhibitory pathways. Its active metabolite,…

Tradjenta

Tradjenta (Dapagliflozin) – a selective SGLT2 inhibitor used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). --- Mechanism of Action Inhibits renal sodium‑glucose co‑transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the…

Toujeo

Toujeo Toujeo (insulin glargine 300 U/mL) is a long‑acting, ultra‑slow‑release insulin analogue formulated in a highly concentrated solution. It is approved for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus…

Torsemide

Torsemide Torsemide is a potent, long‑acting loop diuretic that promotes natriuresis and calciuresis by inhibiting the Na⁺‑K⁺‑2Cl⁻ cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It is…

Toradol

Toradol Toradol (generic: ketorolac tromethamine) is a potent, short‑acting non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drug (NSAID) primarily used for acute pain control. Its high oral bioavailability (≈60–70 %) and rapid absorption (T_max ~15 min IV,…

Topiramate

Topiramate Mechanism of Action Topiramate exerts its antiepileptic and migraine‑prophylactic actions through multiple targets: Voltage‑gated sodium channel blockade – reduces high‑frequency firing of epileptiform neurons. Enhancement of GABA‑A activity –…

Topamax

Topamax Topamax (topiramate) is a sulfonamide‑derived anticonvulsant that is widely used for migraine prophylaxis and partial‑onset epilepsy, among other indications. Mechanism of Action Topiramate modulates neuronal excitability through several mechanisms:…

Tolterodine

Tolterodine Tolterodine is a non‑selective antimuscarinic receptor antagonist used primarily in the management of overactive bladder (OAB). It is marketed under the brand names Detrol®, Detrol LA® (long‑acting), and generic…

Tizanidine

Tizanidine Tizanidine is an α2‑adrenergic agonist used primarily as a short‑acting antispastic agent. It is valued for its rapid onset, predictable pharmacokinetics, and minimal active metabolite profile compared with older…