Caplyta Mechanism of Action Caplyta (generic lumateperone) is a novel, selective dopamine D₂/D₃ receptor antagonist and 5‑HT₂A receptor antagonist with partial agonist activity at 5‑HT₂C receptors. Its unique profile also modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission by influencing neuronal calcium‑dependent signaling, thereby providing antipsychotic efficacy with a low risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Pharmacokinetics Parameter Typical Value Notes … Read more
Candesartan Candesartan is a selective angiotensin‑II receptor blocker (ARB) widely used for hypertension, heart failure, and proteinuric renal disease. Its mechanism targets the AT1 receptor, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, thereby lowering blood pressure and improving organ protection. Mechanism of Action Selective AT1 receptor antagonist: competes with angiotensin‑II for binding to the AT1 receptor on … Read more
Canasa Mechanism of Action Canasa is a second‑generation antipsychotic that modulates multiple neurotransmitter systems: Dopamine D₂ receptor blockade in the mesolimbic pathway → reduces positive psychotic symptoms. Serotonin 5‑HT₂A receptor antagonism → improves negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Partial agonism at 5‑HT₁A receptors → contributes to mood stabilization. Indirect modulation of NMDA‑glutamate signaling through downstream … Read more
Camzyos Camzyos (empagliflozin) is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor used primarily to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk in high‑risk patients. Mechanism of Action Selective SGLT2 blockade in the proximal renal tubule → ↓ glucose reabsorption Leads to increased glycosuria (glucose excretion) and a modest caloric loss Results … Read more
Calquence Calquence (acalabrutinib) is a next‑generation Bruton’s tyrosine‑kinase (BTK) inhibitor approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle‑cell lymphoma (MCL), and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Mechanism of Action Selective covalent inhibition of BTK: Acalabrutinib binds irreversibly to the Cys481 residue in BTK, blocking phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules. Suppression of B‑cell receptor (BCR) signalling: This leads to … Read more
Calcitriol Calcitriol (1,25‑di‑hydroxy‑vitamin D₃) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D, with key roles in calcium‑phosphate metabolism, bone health, and immune regulation. — Mechanism of Action Receptor binding – Binds intracellular vitamin D‑receptor (VDR) in target cells (enterocytes, osteoblasts, immune cells). Gene transcription – The VDR‑calcitriol complex heterodimerizes with the retinoid‑X receptor (RXR), translocates to … Read more
Cabometyx Cabometyx (generic: cabozantinib) is a potent, oral, small‑molecule inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, chiefly VEGFR‑2 and MET. It is marketed by Bristol‑Myers Squibb for advanced renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, with expanding indications and a well‑defined safety profile. — Mechanism of Action Dual inhibition of VEGFR‑2 and MET signalling pathways, attenuating angiogenesis and … Read more
Cabenuva Cabenuva is a long‑acting injectable antiretroviral therapy combining cabotegravir (an integrase strand‑transfer inhibitor) with rilpivirine (a non‑nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor). It offers a convenient, monthly‑to‑bi‑monthly dosing schedule for achieving durable viral suppression in adults with HIV‑1 infection. Mechanism of Action Cabotegravir: binds covalently to the integrase catalytic core domain, blocking strand‑transfer and preventing viral … Read more
Bystolic Bystolic (generic name labetalol) is a non‑selective β‑adrenergic blocker with intrinsic α1‑blocking activity. It is widely used for the acute management of hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, and certain conditions such as pheochromocytoma and preeclampsia. Mechanism of Action Beta‑adrenergic blockade (β1 and β2): ↓ cardiac contractility and heart rate → reduces myocardial oxygen demand. Alpha‑1‑adrenergic blockade: … Read more
Buspar Buspar (buspirone) is a non‑benzodiazepine anxiolytic that selectively targets serotonin receptors, offering anxiety relief without the sedation or dependence risks associated with benzodiazepines. Mechanism of Action Selective partial agonist at presynaptic α2‑adrenergic and postsynaptic 5‑HT1A serotonergic receptors, producing anxiolytic effects. Modulates dopaminergic tone centrally, reducing catecholamine overactivity linked to anxiety. Lacks significant affinity for … Read more