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Introduction/Overview Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent that has become a cornerstone of modern anesthesia and critical care practice. Since its clinical introduction in the late 1980s, it has…

1. Introduction/Overview Morphine represents the prototypical opioid analgesic and serves as the benchmark against which all other opioids are compared. Isolated from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum in the early…