Helicobacter pylori Infection and Treatment
Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the…
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES)
I. Definition, Historical Perspective & Epidemiology Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome (ZES) is a rare disorder…
Pharmacovigilance
1 · Introduction Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the “science and activities relating to the…
Pharmacology of Oxytocin
Oxytocin, a neuropeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the…
Pharmacology of Tocolytic Agents
I. Introduction Tocolytic agents are medications used to inhibit uterine contractions and suppress…
Pharmacology of thyroid and antithyroid drugs – an Overview
Physiology of Thyroid Hormones Thyroid Hormone Synthesis The thyroid secretes T4 and…
Pharmacology of Prostaglandin Analogues
I. Introduction Prostaglandins are autacoids derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase…
Pharmacology of Diphenhydramine
Introduction Diphenhydramine is a prototypical first-generation antihistamine with a long history of clinical…
Pharmacology of Levocetirizine
Introduction Levocetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine, serving as the pharmacologically active R-enantiomer…
Pharmacology of Histamine and Antihistamines
Overview Histamine is a ubiquitous biogenic amine that influences vascular tone and…
