Pharmacology

Introduction/Overview Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and underlying inflammation. The pharmacological management of asthma aims to achieve and…

Introduction/Overview Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction. The pharmacological management of asthma represents a cornerstone…

Introduction/Overview Bronchodilators constitute a cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for obstructive pulmonary diseases, primarily asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These agents function by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, thereby increasing airway…

Introduction/Overview Bronchodilators constitute a cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for obstructive airway diseases, primarily asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These agents function by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, thereby increasing airway…

Introduction/Overview Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), functions as a critical neurotransmitter and autacoid, modulating a vast array of physiological and psychological processes. Its actions are mediated through an intricate system of…

Introduction/Overview Prostaglandins and related eicosanoids constitute a vast family of lipid-derived autacoids that function as potent local signaling molecules. These compounds are not stored within cells but are synthesized de…

Introduction/Overview Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), functions as a critical neurotransmitter and autacoid, modulating a vast array of physiological and pathological processes. Its actions are mediated through an exceptionally diverse receptor…

Introduction/Overview Prostaglandins and eicosanoids constitute a vast family of bioactive lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid. These autacoids are not stored but are synthesized de novo…

Introduction/Overview Histamine, a biogenic amine synthesized from the amino acid L-histidine, functions as a critical mediator in physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of gastric acid secretion, neurotransmission in…

1. Introduction/Overview Prostaglandins and eicosanoids constitute a vast family of lipid-derived autacoids and paracrine hormones that exert profound and diverse physiological and pathophysiological effects. These compounds are not stored within…