Understanding Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzymes
Cyclooxygenase (COX), which is also called prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme…
Pharmacology of Benzodiazepines
Introduction Benzodiazepines are a cornerstone of modern pharmacotherapy for anxiety, insomnia, seizure disorders, muscle spasms, and…
Pharmacology of Antitussives
Introduction A cough is one of the most common clinical symptoms that prompts patients…
Pharmacology of antiemetic drugs
Introduction Nausea and vomiting are protective reflexes designed to prevent the ingestion…
Pharmacology of Mucosal Protective Agents
Introduction Peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and other erosive…
Pharmacology of Antacids
Introduction Antacids represent one of the oldest and most commonly used groups of…
Pharmacology of H2 Receptor Antagonists
Histamine H2 receptor antagonists are competitive blockers of gastric parietal-cell H2 receptors…
Antimicrobial Resistance and its mechanisms
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the process by which microorganisms evolve to withstand…
Antibiotic Stewardship: A Complete Overview for Healthcare Professionals
Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated interventions designed to improve and measure the…
Glaucoma, pathophysiology, treatment and other information
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell…
