Pharmacology

Introduction/Overview The pharmacological management of infections caused by protozoan parasites represents a critical component of global infectious disease therapeutics. These infections, which include amoebiasis, malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and giardiasis, contribute…

Introduction/Overview The pharmacology of heavy metals represents a critical intersection of toxicology and therapeutics. Unlike conventional pharmaceuticals, lead, mercury, and arsenic are not administered for therapeutic benefit but are encountered…

Introduction/Overview Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with an estimated 247 million cases and 619,000 deaths reported in 2021, predominantly affecting children under five years of age in sub-Saharan…

1. Introduction/Overview The pharmacology of ophthalmic agents encompasses the study of drugs used for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases. This specialized field integrates principles of general pharmacology with…

Introduction/Overview The management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents one of the most significant achievements in modern therapeutics. The development of antiretroviral drugs has transformed HIV from a uniformly…

Introduction/Overview The management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents one of the most significant achievements in modern therapeutics. The development of antiretroviral drugs has transformed HIV from a uniformly…