Sodium Channel Blockers (SCBs)
Introduction Sodium (Na⁺) channels are integral membrane proteins responsible for the rapid…
What is Barbiturate toxicity, and how is it treated?
Introduction to Barbiturate Toxicity: Barbiturates, once hailed for their sedative and anticonvulsant…
Pharmacology of Barbiturates
Introduction Barbiturates are among the earliest classes of sedative-hypnotic drugs discovered and used…
Pharmacology of Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Introduction Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) revolutionized the treatment of depression and related affective…
Pharmacology of Paracetamol/Acetaminophen
Introduction Paracetamol—known as acetaminophen in some regions—is one of the most widely used analgesics…
Aspirin: A Comprehensive Pharmacological Overview
Aspirin, scientifically known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a cornerstone in the…
Understanding Cyclooxygenase (COX) Enzymes
Cyclooxygenase (COX), which is also called prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme…
Pharmacology of Benzodiazepines
Introduction Benzodiazepines are a cornerstone of modern pharmacotherapy for anxiety, insomnia, seizure disorders, muscle spasms, and…
Pharmacology of Antitussives
Introduction A cough is one of the most common clinical symptoms that prompts patients…
Pharmacology of antiemetic drugs
Introduction Nausea and vomiting are protective reflexes designed to prevent the ingestion…
