Pharmacology

Introduction/Overview Skeletal muscle relaxants constitute a diverse group of pharmacological agents employed to alleviate muscle spasticity, rigidity, or spasms associated with various neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. These drugs do not…

Introduction/Overview Flumazenil represents a pivotal agent in clinical toxicology and anesthesiology as a specific competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex.…

1. Introduction/Overview Flumazenil represents a pivotal agent in clinical toxicology and anesthesiology as a specific competitive antagonist at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor…

Introduction/Overview Dimercaprol, historically known as British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), represents a foundational agent in the therapeutic armamentarium for acute heavy metal poisoning. Developed during World War II as an antidote against…

Introduction/Overview Penicillamine, a degradation product of penicillin, represents a unique therapeutic agent with applications rooted in its distinctive biochemical properties. Unlike its antibiotic progenitor, penicillamine lacks antimicrobial activity but possesses…

Introduction/Overview Penicillamine, a degradation product of penicillin, is a unique therapeutic agent with a distinct pharmacological profile. Despite its origin, it lacks antimicrobial activity and is employed primarily for its…

Introduction/Overview Desferrioxamine, also known internationally as deferoxamine, represents a cornerstone therapeutic agent in the management of iron overload and acute iron poisoning. As a hexadentate chelator isolated from the actinobacterium…

Introduction/Overview Desferrioxamine, also known internationally as deferoxamine, represents a cornerstone therapeutic agent in the management of conditions characterized by pathological iron accumulation. As a hexadentate chelator isolated from Streptomyces pilosus,…

Introduction/Overview Trastuzumab represents a landmark achievement in oncology and molecular pharmacology, being among the first monoclonal antibodies successfully developed to target a specific oncogenic driver. Its introduction fundamentally altered the…

Introduction/Overview Trastuzumab represents a landmark achievement in targeted cancer therapy, fundamentally altering the management of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive malignancies. As a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, its…