Category: Endocrine
Chapter: Pharmacology of Tamoxifen
Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Introduction Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It...
The Comprehensive Guide to the Pharmacology of Androgens and Their Modulators
1. Introduction: Beyond the “Male Hormone” Androgens are a class of steroid hormones often simplified as “male hormones,” but their physiological reach extends far beyond...
Pharmacology of GLP-1 Agonists
1. Introduction: The Incretin Effect To understand GLP-1 agonists, one must first understand the “Incretin Effect.” This physiological phenomenon describes the observation that oral glucose...
Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology of Antidiabetic Agents
1. Introduction to Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Control 1.1. Overview of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is not a single entity but a heterogeneous group...
Pharmacotherapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex autoimmune disorder requiring comprehensive pharmacological management throughout the patient’s lifetime. Since the discovery of insulin over...
Pharmacology of Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)
INTRODUCTION Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) rank among the most widely used forms of reversible birth control worldwide. First introduced in the 1960s, OCPs have profoundly...
Pharmacology of Androgens: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction Androgens—the primary being testosterone and its potent intracellular metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—drive the development and maintenance of male phenotype, regulate protein anabolism, affect behavior, and exert complex feed-back...
Pharmacology of Anti-Androgens
I. Introduction and Historical Context Anti-androgens are a pharmacologically diverse class of agents designed to diminish or block the effects of endogenous androgens—principally testosterone and dihydrotestosterone...
Oral Contraceptives: OCPs
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are hormone-containing medications taken to prevent pregnancy and for management of various gynecologic conditions. They are among the most widely used medicines...
Pharmacology of Progesterone
Introduction Brief Overview of Progesterone Progesterone is a crucial hormone in the human body, predominantly known for its role in the female reproductive system. It...