Endocrine

Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex autoimmune disorder requiring comprehensive pharmacological management throughout the patient's lifetime. Since the discovery of insulin over a century ago, numerous advancements…

Introduction Androgens—the primary being testosterone and its potent intracellular metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—drive the development and maintenance of male phenotype, regulate protein anabolism, affect behavior, and exert complex feed-back control over the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG)…

I. Introduction and Historical Context Anti-androgens are a pharmacologically diverse class of agents designed to diminish or block the effects of endogenous androgens—principally testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—on target tissues. Since the…