1. Introduction The management of wounds and the prevention and treatment of associated infections represent a cornerstone of clinical practice across multiple medical and surgical disciplines. This domain integrates principles from physiology, microbiology, immunology, pharmacology, and material science to optimize patient outcomes. Effective management is predicated on a thorough understanding of the normal healing cascade, … Read more
1. Introduction The therapeutic use of blood and its components represents a cornerstone of modern medical practice, bridging the disciplines of hematology, immunology, surgery, and critical care. Concurrently, disorders of plasma constituentsโparticularly proteins involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis, and immune defenseโconstitute a significant category of disease with profound implications for patient management. The integration of transfusion … Read more
1. Introduction Organ transplantation represents a definitive therapeutic intervention for end-stage organ failure, constituting a cornerstone of modern medical therapeutics. The procedure involves the surgical transfer of a viable organ from a donor to a recipient, with the primary objective of restoring lost physiological function. This field integrates principles from surgery, immunology, pharmacology, and critical … Read more
1. Introduction The domains of palliative care and end-of-life care represent fundamental components of comprehensive medical practice, dedicated to optimizing quality of life and mitigating suffering for individuals facing serious, life-limiting illness. While often conflated, these concepts possess distinct yet overlapping scopes. Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical specialty focused on the prevention and relief … Read more
1. Introduction Schizophrenia represents a severe, chronic, and often debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by profound disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. Psychosis, a core feature of schizophrenia, describes a mental state involving a loss of contact with reality, manifesting as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. While schizophrenia is the prototypical psychotic … Read more
1. Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) represents a complex and severe mental health condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect, coupled with marked impulsivity. The disorder is classified within the cluster B personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). … Read more
1. Introduction Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and often debilitating neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming, cause significant distress, and impair social or occupational functioning. Obsessions are defined as recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors … Read more
1. Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe, potentially chronic psychiatric condition that can develop following exposure to a traumatic event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. The disorder is characterized by a constellation of symptoms including intrusive recollections of the trauma, persistent avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative alterations in … Read more
1. Introduction Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) represents a spectrum of hepatic injury directly attributable to chronic and excessive alcohol consumption. It encompasses a pathological continuum from simple steatosis, through alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), to progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The condition constitutes a major global public health burden, being among the leading causes of liver-related … Read more
1. Introduction Substance abuse and addiction represent a complex and pervasive group of disorders characterized by the compulsive use of psychoactive substances despite significant harmful consequences. These conditions constitute a major public health challenge, contributing substantially to global morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. The conceptualization of addiction has evolved from a moral failing to a … Read more