General Medicine

1. Introduction Hypertension, defined as a sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure, represents a principal modifiable risk factor for global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The condition is characterized by complex interactions between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and pathophysiological adaptations within the cardiovascular, renal, and neurohormonal systems. Its silent and often asymptomatic progression underscores its … Read more

1. Introduction Diabetes mellitus represents a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The condition is a major global health concern, with its prevalence rising in correlation with aging populations and increasing rates of obesity. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with … Read more