Experimental Pharmacology

1. Introduction The Morris Water Maze (MWM) represents a cornerstone behavioral paradigm in neuroscience and psychopharmacology for the assessment of spatial learning and memory. Developed by Richard Morris in the…

1. Introduction Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig represents a cornerstone experimental model in respiratory pharmacology and immunology. This paradigm involves the administration of histamine to anesthetized or conscious guinea…

1. Introduction/Overview The discovery and development of psychopharmacological agents, particularly antidepressants, rely heavily on validated preclinical behavioral models. Among these, the Forced Swim Test (FST) and the Tail Suspension Test…

1. Introduction Bioassay represents a fundamental technique in quantitative pharmacology for estimating the concentration or potency of a physiologically active substance by measuring its biological effect on living tissue, organ,…

1. Introduction The administration of medicinal substances directly into the systemic circulation via parenteral routes bypasses the body's primary defensive barriers. Consequently, ensuring the sterility and apyrogenicity of injectable preparations…

1. Introduction Histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig represents a cornerstone experimental model in respiratory pharmacology. This paradigm involves the administration of histamine, a key inflammatory mediator, to provoke a…

1. Introduction/Overview The Straub Tail phenomenon represents a classic and distinctive behavioral sign observed in preclinical pharmacology, serving as a reliable and specific biomarker for opioid agonist activity, particularly that…

Introduction The administration of medicinal products via the parenteral route bypasses the body's primary defensive barriers, necessitating an exceptionally high standard of purity and safety. Among the critical safety parameters…

1. Introduction/Overview The evaluation of hypnotic and sedative agents requires precise, reproducible, and clinically translatable preclinical models. Among these, the righting reflex study, often termed the loss of righting reflex…

1. Introduction The evaluation of antipyretic agents represents a fundamental component of pharmacological research and drug development. Among the various experimental models employed, the induction of pyrexia using a suspension…