GI

Pharmacology of H2 Receptor Antagonists

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists are competitive blockers of gastric parietal-cell H2 receptors that suppress basal and stimulated acid secretion and are used for GERD, peptic...

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Antimicrobial

Antimicrobial Resistance and its mechanisms

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the process by which microorganisms evolve to withstand the effects of drugs that were once effective against them. Understanding the mechanisms...

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Antimicrobial

Antibiotic Stewardship: A Complete Overview for Healthcare Professionals

Antibiotic stewardship refers to coordinated interventions designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of antibiotics by promoting the selection of the optimal antibiotic regimen...

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ANS

Glaucoma, pathophysiology, treatment and other information

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss and characteristic optic nerve/visual field damage in which lowering intraocular pressure (IOP)...

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GI

Drugs Used for Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Overview Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) encompasses ulceration of the gastric or duodenal mucosa due to an imbalance between aggressive factors (gastric acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori,...

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GI

Pharmacology of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Introduction Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revolutionized the management of acid-related gastrointestinal (GI) disorders by rendering potent and long-lasting suppression of gastric acid secretion. Introduced in the late twentieth century, PPIs—exemplified...

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General

Pharmacopoeias and Formularies

Pharmacopoeias and formularies are two types of drug compendia commonly used in the healthcare sector. Government-published official compendia that have legal status are Pharmacopoeias. They...

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CVS

Angina Pectoris: A Comprehensive Guide

Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. This article provides a detailed...

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General

Enzyme inducers: How they are important in the clinical pharmacology?

Introduction Enzyme inducers play a significant role in drug metabolism, affecting the efficacy and safety of various medications. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve...

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Neuropharmacology

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) – A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding NSAIDs: What are they?  Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, commonly known as NSAIDs, are a class of drugs primarily used for their analgesic (pain-relieving), antipyretic (fever-reducing),...

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