Drug-Receptor Interactions: Agonists and Antagonists
Drug-receptor interactions refer to the binding of drugs to specific receptors, leading…
Drug Potency and Efficacy
Understanding "drug potency" and "drug efficacy" is crucial in pharmacology, as they…
Drug Selectivity, Safety, and Risk-Benefit Ratio
The pharmacological landscape is complex, and drugs often produce a range of…
Drug Specificity: A Key Factor in Pharmacological Actions
Drug specificity is an important concept in pharmacology that refers to the…
Miscellaneous Antiarrhythmic Agents: Adenosine and others
Adenosine Adenosine is antiarrhythmic agent that is widely used for the investigation…
Class 4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Verapamil and Diltiazem
Verapamil and diltiazem are non‑dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers classified as Class IV antiarrhythmics,…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Class III – Amiodarone and others
Class III antiarrhythmics predominantly prolong cardiac repolarization via potassium channel blockade, with amiodarone as…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs (Class 2)
Introduction Among the diverse categories of drugs used to manage cardiac arrhythmias, beta-adrenoceptor-blocking…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Propafenone (Class 1C)
Propafenone is a Class 1C antiarrhythmic that produces potent, use‑dependent blockade of…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Flecainide (Class 1C)
Flecainide is a Class 1C antiarrhythmic agent widely used for rhythm control in…
