Antibacterials ✓ Passing Score: 50% 📝 Questions: 23 🎓 Practice Quiz Welcome! This is a practice quiz to test your knowledge. Please enter your details below to participate. Your results will be emailed to you upon completion. Your Information Name * Email * Start Quiz → Question 1 of 23 1 What is the primary mechanism by which fluoroquinolones kill bacteria? * Inhibit folic acid synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit Disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV Interfere with cell wall peptidoglycan cross‑linking 2 Which of the following is the most common adverse effect of linezolid therapy when used for >2 weeks? * Peripheral neuropathy Hepatotoxicity Hypotension Nephrotoxicity Red‑eye syndrome 3 A patient with a severe infection due to *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is started on an aminoglycoside. Which dosing strategy is preferred to maximize efficacy and reduce toxicity? * Twice‑daily low dose Once‑daily high dose (pharmacodynamic peak) Every 8 h low dose Every 6 h low dose Continuous infusion, low dose 4 Which drug class is most commonly associated with the development of Clostridioides difficile colitis? * Penicillins Cephalosporins β‑lactams Fluoroquinolones Macrolides 5 Which of the following agents is a prodrug that requires hydrolysis by bacterial β‑glucuronidase to become active against anaerobes? * Nitroimidazoles Amoxicillin‑clavulanate Metronidazole Cefotetan Fosfomycin 6 A patient with a severe *Streptococcus pyogenes* infection receives clindamycin. What is the primary advantage of clindamycin over penicillin in this scenario? * Lower cost Inhibition of exotoxin synthesis Oral bioavailability Better CNS penetration Reduced risk of allergic reaction 7 Which class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidation of peptidoglycan strands? * Aminoglycosides β‑lactams Tetracyclines Fluoroquinolones Macrolides 8 A patient with severe sepsis due to gram‑negative rods is started on a carbapenem. What is the key advantage of carbapenems over third‑generation cephalosporins? * Fewer drug interactions Lower cost Oral bioavailability Activity against extended‑spectrum β‑lactamases (ESBLs) Better CNS penetration 9 Which of the following statements best describes the pharmacodynamic target for β‑lactams? * Peak concentration to MIC ratio (Cmax/MIC) Area under the curve to MIC (AUC/MIC) Time above MIC (T>MIC) Frequency of dosing Steady‑state concentration to MIC (Css/MIC) 10 A patient with a urinary tract infection caused by *Enterococcus faecalis* is treated with a β‑lactam. Which drug is most appropriate? * Cefazolin Ampicillin Gentamicin Doxycycline Clindamycin 11 A 65‑year‑old man with chronic kidney disease is prescribed an antibiotic that requires dose adjustment due to renal excretion. Which drug’s dosing needs to be reduced? * Ceftriaxone Ciprofloxacin Linezolid Amoxicillin Vancomycin 12 A patient with a severe, life‑threatening *Acinetobacter baumannii* infection is treated with colistin. What limits colistin’s use? * Allergic reactions Poor oral absorption Renal tubular epithelial toxicity Severe neurotoxicity Hepatotoxicity 13 A patient is receiving vancomycin therapy. Which monitoring parameter is used to avoid nephrotoxicity? * Vancomycin trough concentration Serum creatinine daily Red blood cell count weekly C‑reactive protein every 48 h Urine output every 12 h 14 Which of the following drug classes is most likely to cause a “red‑on‑white” visual effect when taken with sulfonamides? * Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Fluoroquinolones β‑lactams Macrolides 15 Which drug is most likely to cause a red‑on‑white reaction when co‑administered with sulfonamides? * Amoxicillin Tetracycline Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone Metronidazole 16 Which of the following is a major mechanism by which *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* develops resistance to isoniazid? * Production of β‑lactamase Altered ribosomal RNA methylation Overexpression of efflux pumps Mutation in gyrA gene Mutation in the katG gene encoding catalase‑peroxidase 17 Which of the following macrolide antibiotics is most likely to interact with statins, increasing the risk of myopathy? * Roxithromycin Azithromycin Fidaxomicin Erythromycin Clarithromycin 18 A patient with a prosthetic valve infective endocarditis caused by *Staphylococcus aureus* requires a β‑lactam antibiotic. Which drug is the preferred choice? * Cefazolin Oxacillin Cloxacillin Penicillin G Amoxicillin‑clavulanate 19 Which antibiotic is most likely to cause a “red‑on‑white” visual effect when taken with sulfonamides? * Metronidazole Amoxicillin Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline Cefdinir 20 Which of the following antibiotics is least likely to cause QT interval prolongation? * Doxycycline Cefepime Ciprofloxacin Azithromycin Levofloxacin 21 Which of the following bacterial enzymes confers resistance to β‑lactam antibiotics by breaking the β‑lactam ring? * Efflux pump β‑lactamase Methyltransferase Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase Topoisomerase IV 22 Which of the following is a key structural feature that allows macrolide antibiotics to bind the 50S ribosomal subunit? * 16‑membered macrolactone ring 20‑membered macrolactone ring 4‑membered lactone ring 18‑membered macrolactone ring 14‑membered macrolactone ring 23 The emergence of “β‑lactamase‑negative, ampicillin‑resistant” *Escherichia coli* strains is most commonly due to: * Acquisition of plasmid‑encoded AmpC β‑lactamase Overproduction of efflux pumps Reduced outer‑membrane porin expression Mutations in the penicillin‑binding proteins Increased ribosomal protection proteins ← Previous Next → Submit Quiz ✓
