Adrenaline ✓ Passing Score: 50% 📝 Questions: 13 🎓 Practice Quiz Welcome! This is a practice quiz to test your knowledge. Please enter your details below to participate. Your results will be emailed to you upon completion. Your Information Name * Email * Start Quiz → Question 1 of 13 1 Activation of $\\alpha_2$ receptors by adrenaline primarily results in which downstream intracellular effect? * Activation of protein kinase C Decreased intracellular $\\text{IP}_3$ production Direct opening of calcium channels Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, leading to decreased cAMP Increased intracellular cAMP levels 2 Adrenaline is used as an adjunct in local anesthetic solutions (like lidocaine) primarily because it: * Prevents the formation of methemoglobinemia. Enhances the penetration of the anesthetic across nerve membranes. Decreases the systemic absorption of the anesthetic. Neutralizes the acidic nature of the anesthetic solution. Increases the duration of nerve block by acting as an antagonist. 3 When treating a patient with a known pheochromocytoma who is undergoing surgery, the use of a non-selective beta-blocker (like propranolol) *before* appropriate alpha-blockade is administered can lead to a hypertensive crisis because: * The resulting decrease in contractility causes hypotension that stimulates the baroreflex. Propranolol itself acts as an alpha agonist in this setting. Unopposed $\\alpha_1$ stimulation causes massive peripheral vasoconstriction. Beta-blockade increases circulating adrenaline levels. Beta-blockade prevents the necessary reflex tachycardia. 4 In the treatment of anaphylaxis, adrenaline is the drug of choice primarily due to its ability to rapidly reverse which two major life-threatening effects? * Hypoglycemia and acidosis Severe pain and nausea Hypotension and bronchospasm Bradycardia and pulmonary edema Increased intracranial pressure and seizures 5 Which of the following effects is predominantly mediated by $\\beta_1$ adrenergic receptor stimulation by adrenaline? * Inhibition of insulin release Decreased aqueous humor production in the eye Increased heart rate and contractility Bronchodilation Peripheral vasoconstriction 6 Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation) when stimulated by adrenaline? * $\\alpha_2$ $\\alpha_1$ $\\beta_1$ $\\text{M}_3$ $\\beta_2$ 7 In the context of cardiac resuscitation (e.g., asystole or ventricular fibrillation refractory to defibrillation), what is the primary goal of administering high-dose intravenous adrenaline? * To decrease systemic vascular resistance To directly reverse acidosis To increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR To immediately restore normal sinus rhythm To prevent pulmonary embolism 8 Which of the following conditions would be an absolute contraindication for the therapeutic use of adrenaline (epinephrine)? * Narrow-angle glaucoma Cardiac arrest Known hypersensitivity to sulfites (if the formulation contains sulfites) Anaphylactic shock Acute asthma attack 9 Adrenaline primarily exerts its effects by stimulating which class of receptors? * Muscarinic cholinergic receptors Histamine $\\text{H}_1$ receptors $\\text{GABA}_{\\text{A}}$ receptors Adrenergic receptors Serotonin $\\text{5-HT}_2$ receptors 10 Which statement accurately describes the effect of adrenaline on blood pressure? * It causes a decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressure due to unopposed $\\beta_2$ vasodilation. It primarily lowers pulse pressure by reducing stroke volume. It has no significant effect on mean arterial pressure. It causes a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure due to $\\alpha_1$ and $\\beta_1$ receptor activity. It causes a large increase in diastolic pressure due to $\\alpha_1$ stimulation but may cause a reflex drop in systolic pressure. 11 Adrenaline crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) readily, leading to central nervous system stimulation. * Only if COMT is inhibited Only when administered intrathecally True False Only in neonates 12 Adrenaline has a limited duration of action when administered subcutaneously because it is rapidly metabolized by which two main enzymes? * Cytochrome P450 and Esterase Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) and Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Glucuronidase and Sulfatase $\\beta$-Glucuronidase and N-acetyltransferase 13 A major side effect of high-dose intravenous adrenaline administration, often seen due to $\\alpha_1$ stimulation, is: * Hypotension and shock Reflex tachycardia Severe bradycardia Peripheral gangrene due to extreme vasoconstriction Widespread vasodilation ← Previous Next → Submit Quiz ✓