Treatment of Glaucoma

Acetazolamide, a systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is often reserved for acute, severe IOP spikes (like in acute angle-closure glaucoma) due to which significant potential side effect? *

Which class of glaucoma medications works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through the uveoscleral pathway? *

In the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma, which medication class is typically avoided initially because it can potentially worsen the angle closure? *

The most common and often first-line topical treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) belongs to which drug class? *

Which drug is an older, non-selective cholinergic agonist sometimes used for angle-closure glaucoma that can cause significant systemic side effects like salivation and bradycardia if absorbed? *

Mannitol is an osmotic agent used intravenously in severe glaucoma emergencies. How does it lower intraocular pressure? *

Which drug is often used as an adjunct therapy in glaucoma because it selectively stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to reduced aqueous humor production and some increased uveoscleral outflow? *

Which systemic side effect is a major contraindication for using topical Timolol in a patient with glaucoma? *

Which newer class of glaucoma medication works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and the uveoscleral pathways via Rho-kinase inhibition? *

Which topical glaucoma medication is commonly associated with the side effects of iris hyperpigmentation, darkening of the eyelids, and increased eyelash growth (hirsutism)? *

A patient on topical glaucoma medication reports chronic dry eyes and burning sensation upon application. Which drug class is the most likely culprit? *

Which medication is generally preferred over systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for chronic, stable open-angle glaucoma management due to fewer systemic side effects? *

Which drug is contraindicated in patients with nasal or sinus obstruction (e.g., recent sinus surgery) due to its mechanism of action related to the nasolacrimal drainage system? *

Which drug class directly inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, thereby decreasing the formation of aqueous humor? *

Pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, lowers intraocular pressure primarily by which mechanism? *