Routes of drug administration

What is the main clinical advantage of using the rectal route (PR) for drug administration? *

It is the preferred route for unconscious or vomiting patients. It ensures complete avoidance of the hepatic portal system. It allows for precise titration of dosage. It is mandatory for highly lipid-soluble drugs. It provides the fastest absorption rate among all non-parenteral routes.

The term \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"enteral route\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" refers to drug administration via which system? *

The lymphatic system. The subcutaneous tissue. The circulatory system. The respiratory system. The gastrointestinal tract.

Drugs administered via the intramuscular (IM) route are absorbed from the muscle tissue into the bloodstream. This route is generally preferred over subcutaneous injection for administering what type of solution? *

Very small volumes (less than 0.5 mL). Highly irritating or viscous solutions. Drugs intended for slow, sustained release over several days. Drugs requiring extremely rapid absorption (faster than IV). Drugs that are highly sensitive to pH changes.

What is the primary function of the transdermal route of administration (e.g., patches)? *

To provide slow, controlled systemic delivery over an extended period. To bypass the acidic environment of the stomach entirely. To achieve immediate, high peak plasma concentrations. To deliver a drug locally to the skin surface for dermatological issues. To ensure 100% bioavailability of the drug.

Which route of drug administration offers the fastest onset of action, bypassing the first-pass metabolism entirely? *

Intramuscular (IM) Sublingual (SL) Intravenous (IV) Rectal (PR) Oral (PO)

Which statement accurately describes the bioavailability of a drug administered intravenously (IV)? *

Bioavailability is always less than 50%. Bioavailability is comparable to the oral route. Bioavailability is often lower than the intramuscular route. Bioavailability is generally considered 100%. Bioavailability is dependent on gastric emptying time.

Administration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is achieved via which specialized route? *

Intraosseous Intra-articular Epidural Intrathecal Intra-arterial

What is the primary disadvantage associated with the oral (PO) route of drug administration? *

Necessity of sterile equipment. Risk of immediate allergic reaction. High cost of formulation. Pain and tissue damage at the injection site. Unpredictable absorption due to first-pass hepatic metabolism and gastric acid degradation.

A drug administered via the sublingual route is intended to be absorbed primarily through which mechanism? *

Absorption via the lymphatic system in the muscle tissue. Absorption via the lungs\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' alveoli. Absorption through the thick stratum corneum of the skin. Absorption across the highly vascular mucous membranes under the tongue. Absorption directly into the portal circulation.

Which route of administration is typically used for local effect in the respiratory tract, such as for asthma inhalers? *

Intradermal (ID) Subcutaneous (SC) Transdermal Inhalation Intrathecal

Routes of drug administration

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