Miscellaneous Antiarrhythmic Agents: Adenosine and others
Adenosine Adenosine is antiarrhythmic agent that is widely used for the investigation and management of both narrow complex and, less often, broad complex tachycardias. It produces a transient block in the…
Class 4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Verapamil and Diltiazem
Verapamil Mechanism of Action Extracardiac Effects Toxicity Pharmacokinetics & Dosage Therapeutic Use Diltiazem Mechanism of Action Toxicity Therapeutic Use Conclusion Class 4 antiarrhythmic drugs like Verapamil and Diltiazem primarily act…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Class 3 – Amiodarone and others
Introduction Class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs are known for their ability to prolong action potentials, primarily by blocking potassium channels in cardiac muscle or enhancing inward currents through sodium channels. This…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs (Class 2)
Introduction Among the diverse categories of drugs used to manage cardiac arrhythmias, beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs (beta blockers)—classified as Class 2 antiarrhythmics under the Vaughan Williams scheme—play a pivotal role in controlling aberrant…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Propafenone (Class 1C)
Overview Class: Class Ic antiarrhythmic (membrane-stabilizing Na+ channel blocker) with additional weak beta-blocking and calcium channel–blocking activity. What it does: Strongly slows conduction through the atria, AV node (to a…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Flecainide (Class 1C)
Introduction Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic agent classified under subgroup 1C. It is a potent blocker of sodium and potassium channels with slow unblocking kinetics. While it is effective in treating…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Mexiletine (Class 1B)
Introduction Mexiletine is an orally active antiarrhythmic agent, classified in subgroup 1B, similar to lidocaine. It is predominantly used for treating ventricular arrhythmias and has proven effective in alleviating chronic…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Lidocaine (Class 1B)
If you trained in a time when every crash cart seemed to include “lido,” you remember lidocaine as the go-to antidote for ugly ventricular ectopy. Today, it has a more…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Disopyramide (Class 1A)
Introduction Disopyramide is a Class 1a antiarrhythmic agent, primarily used in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia. It functions as a sodium channel blocker, inhibiting conduction by depressing the increase in…
Antiarrhythmic drugs: Quinidine (Class 1A)
Introduction Quinidine is a class IA antiarrhythmic agent used to treat heart rhythm disturbances. It is a diastereomer of the antimalarial agent quinine, originally derived from the bark of the…
