Metformin, a cornerstone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is one of the most commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic agents worldwide. Originally discovered from a natural plant source known as Galega officinalis (French lilac or goatโs rue), metformin has a long history of clinical use. Its popularity is largely due to its robust efficacy … Read more
I. Introduction and Definition Diabetes mellitus defines a group of inherited and acquired metabolic disorders marked by hyperglycemia resulting from absolute (Type 1) or relative (Type 2) deficiencies in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to multisystem complications impacting eyes, kidneys, nerves, cardiovascular and immune systems.โ II. Types and Epidemiology A. Major Types … Read more
Introduction and scope Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, multifactorial disease marked by excess adiposity that impairs health. It now affects more than one billion people worldwide, including over 650 million adults, with prevalence rising in nearly every region and across all socioeconomic strata. Obesity substantially increases risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, … Read more